Summary
This article first appeared on the World Economic Forum Agenda, and was co-authored by André du Plessis (Executive Director at ILGA World) and Gabriel Galil (Senior Programme Officer at ILGA World).
We republish it in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License.
Every year, a growing number of corporations include Pride month in their calendars, launching marketing campaigns and rainbow merchandise to show support for lesbianadjective/noun to describe a woman whose enduring physical, romantic, and/or emotional attraction is to other women. Women and non-binary people may use this term to describe themselves. More, gayadjective to describe people whose enduring physical, romantic, and/ or emotional
attractions are to people of the same gender. Men, women and non-binary people may use this
term to describe themselves. More, bisexualadjective used to describe a person who has the capacity to form enduring physical, romantic, and/ or emotional attractions to those of the same gender or to those of other genders. More, transadjective/umbrella term to describe a person whose gender identity does not match the sex they were assigned at birth. More and intersexan umbrella term for the spectrum of variations of sex characteristics that naturally occur within the human species. Intersex people are born with variations of sex characteristics (such as genitals, reproductive organs, hormonal and chromosomal patterns) that are more diverse than stereotypical definitions of male or female bodies. Up to 1.7% of the global population are born with such traits; yet, because their bodies are seen as different, intersex children and adults are often stigmatised and subject to harmful practices – including in medical settings - and discriminated against. More people’s equality. LGBTIacronym for lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex people. Although this is not the acronym available to describe people of diverse sexual orientations, gender identities and expressions, and sex characteristics, it is the most commonly used in United Nations spaces and advocacy. More persons around the world form a market segment of hundreds of millions of consumers, and yet until recently we were completely forgotten in the corporate world.
It goes without saying that this abundance of rainbows is a reason to celebrate. For a community who have been for so long forced to hide in fear of violence and discriminationunequal or unfair treatment which can be based on a range of grounds - such as age, ethnic background, disability, and diverse sexual orientations, gender identities and expressions or sex characteristics, amongst others. More – and still is, in many parts of the world – rainbow campaigns are a ray of hope suggesting we may be globally moving in the right direction towards ensuring equality, visibility and respect for everyone regardless of their sexual orientationrefers to a person’s capacity for profound emotional, affectional and sexual attraction to - and intimate and sexual relations with - individuals of a different gender or the same gender or more than one gender. More, gender identityrefers to a person’s deeply felt internal and individual experience of gender, which may or may not correspond with the sex assigned at birth. More and expression, and sex characteristicsa term that refers to physical features relating to sex - including genitalia and other sexual and reproductive anatomy, chromosomes, hormones, and secondary physical features emerging from puberty. More.
How can this colourful ray of hope become actual change for LGBTI people? And what role can the private sector play in promoting and ensuring inclusion, respect and human rights for LGBTI people – not only during Pride month, but throughout the year?
Allyship against marginalization
The private sector must play a role in striving for LGBTI equality. We need you. Our communities are deeply entrenched in social and economic exclusion. In fact, rather than being embraced, diverse sexualities, genders or sexrefers to the classification of a person as male, female, or other - usually made at birth, written on a birth certificate, and usually based on the appearance of their external anatomy. A person’s sex, however, is actually a combination of bodily characteristics, including chromosomes, hormones, internal and external reproductive organs, and secondary sex characteristics. More characteristics intersect with other forms of discriminations to form barriers when accessing the labour market – especially to employment in the formal one.
Even in cases when people manage to overcome these barriers, they are systematically subjected to discrimination in employment, are bullied or harassed for being LGBTI, receive reduced work-related benefits, and may even be dismissed simply for being who they are.
This scenario of marginalization has been deepened by the economic impacts of the COVID-19 global pandemic, when LGBTI people couldn’t access social security measures in places where laws do not recognize their rights. Moreover, our communities are disproportionately represented in the informal work sector and in certain professions, including sex work, as well as experience higher rates of poverty. Further, studies showed that LGBTI people are also over-represented among those who lose their jobs during this pandemic.
While this situation can and must be addressed through public policies implemented by governments, one cannot deny the crucial role that the private sector plays when it comes to social and economic inclusion.
Corporations have a general responsibility to act to advance human rights and development, and the largest businesses are well-placed to do so: Many corporations have revenues larger than some governments. They not only have a big responsibility when developing policies that apply to their workplaces and supply chains, but are also strong actors in the public sphere – locally, nationally and internationally – meaning that they are one of the most significant players working to achieve human rights and the sustainable development goals.
How can the private sector engage?
In 2011, the United Nations’ Human Rights Councilan inter-governmental body within the United Nations which has the responsibility to promote and protect human rights. It is comprised of 47 member States, each elected to 3-year terms by the 193 member States of the United Nations. More endorsed the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. These principles make clear that while states are the primary human rights obligations duty-bearers, the private sector has a duty to respect all internationally recognized human rights – including the right to be free from violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation, genderrefers to a social construct which places cultural and social expectations on individuals based on their assigned sex. More identity and expression, and sex characteristics. For LGBTI persons, this means first ensuring that workplaces adopt inclusive policies; unfortunately, many companies still have a long way to go.
But if we want to see true social change, we need the private sector to go beyond just respecting human rights within the workplace: We need it to promote and advocate for them as well, especially given the influence that corporations and other private institutions, such as sports regulating bodies, have in the current globalized world. It is high time to use it to achieve social justice. Bearing this in mind, the UN Standards of Conduct for Tackling Discrimination against LGBTI people were established, not only setting guidance on how to address discrimination in the workplace, but also how to take corporate engagement further, using its leverage to promote change in the marketplace and in the public sphere.
The standards offer valuable recommendations for the private sector; one of their central points is to acknowledge that corporate engagement must be driven in collaboration with civil society. Each local and national context will have its own challenges, with which local activists will be familiar and therefore able to provide guidance. Civil society is also fundamental in order to seek accountability and remedies for those situations where the private sector sadly fails to respect human rights. LGBTI people have been and continue to be among those impacted by business-related human rights violations. Partnering with local LGBTI activists when engaging in the public sphere is essential: We ask you to continually include us when taking action.
And please do support us financially too. Markets are more open to LGBTI consumers as a consequence of grassroots civil society’s efforts to change laws and attitudes on the ground. There would be no rainbow flags on high streets without hard-won legal changes in countries that today are liberal and open, but were not too long ago criminalizing and closed. LGBTI organizations are incredibly under-funded and are struggling to remain open during COVID-19 times. Corporations represent less than 5% of the total funding of LGBTI organisations. There is a need and an opportunity here.